`` Dude You re A Fag, Adolescent Masculinity And The Fag...

In the article â€Å"Dude you’re a fag; Adolescent masculinity and the fag discourse† C.J Pascoe addresses American adolescent boys learning to become masculine through the rejection of the fag identity. Masculinity and sexuality are embedded with the word faggot. This article focuses on the challenges of the relationships between homophobia and masculinity. This article points out three arguments that focus on homophobia demonstrating that the fag is not only an identity linked to homosexual boys, but an identify that can temporarily adhere to heterosexual boys as well and highlighting the radicalized nature of the fag as a disciplinary mechanism. Homophobia is usually used to describe ways that boys aggressively tease each other, girls do not harass each other this way and they often aren’t embarrassed in the same manner. Pascoe provides examples of how the fag discourse is radicalized and that failing at the masculine tasks of competence reveals weakness and f emininity with sexual identity. Pascoe argues while certain behaviors put all boys at risk for becoming a fag, some behaviors can be enacted by African-American boys without putting them at risk for or having that label. Its not that this gendered homophobia does not exist in the African-American community, there is a varied system of sexualized meanings among different radicalized ethnic groups. The difference between white boys and African American boys meaning of fag differs around clothing and dancing, which is theShow MoreRelated`` Dude You re A Fag : Masculinity And Sexuality Essay1536 Words   |  7 PagesC.J. Pascoe’s book, Dude You’re A Fag: Masculinity and Sexuality in High School, examines masculinity and its connection with sexuality through an eighteen-month study at River High School. The goal of Pascoe’s study is to explain how teenagers, teachers, and schooling construct adolescent masculinity through idioms of sexuality. In addition, the book investigates the relationships between gender and sexuality as it relates to a major social institution. Throughout the book she asks how heteronormitiveRead MoreThe Internet Celebrity Anita Sarkeesian1380 Words   |  6 Pages1002/9780470997024.ch3 Anita Sarkeesian. (n.d.). Retrieved December 06, 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anita_Sarkeesian Brand, D. (1998). Bread out of stone. Toronto: Vintage Canada. Pascoe, C. J. (2005). Dude, You re a Fag : Adolescent Masculinity and the Fag Discourse. Sexualities, 8(3), 329-346. doi:10.1177/1363460705053337

Telefonica Case Study - 966 Words

Case Study : The New Conquistador. 1. Go back in time to 1986. Do a SWOT analysis for Telefonica de Espania. Does your analysis lead to the same conclusion as Telefonicas managers? Strength points : Telefà ³nica is one of the world’s largest telecommunications companies by market cap. Its activities are centred mainly on the fixed and mobile telephony businesses, while its broadband business is the key growth driver underpinning both. It operates in 25 countries and its customer base exceeds 264 million globally. Telefà ³nica’s growth strategy is focused on the markets in which it has a strong foothold: Spain, Europe and Latin America. The Group stands in third position in the sector Telco worldwide in terms of market capitalisation the†¦show more content†¦in 2008, the royal mint FNMT (Fà ¡brica Nacional de la Moneda y Timbre) and Telefà ³nica signed an agreement to launch the mobile digital signature service. The combination of new mobile digital certificates from the FNMT and the new securely encrypted cards from Movistar guarantee a legally valid signature whose keys are undecipherable. Telefà ³nica thereby has an integral digital signature offer on the Spanish market, capable of operating in both fixed and mobile networks. 2.How would you characterize the corporate strategy adopted by Telefonica? Telefà ³nica calls Spain home, but customers in 25 countries call home with Telefà ³nica. The company provides fixed and mobile telecommunications services across Europe and Latin America. Its fixed-line portfolio includes traditional voice, Internet access, cable and satellite television, enterprise networking and hosting, and wholesale services. Its mobile business encompasses voice, messaging, and corporate infrastructure services. Telefà ³nicas domestic unit has about 24 million mobile users, 6 million Internet and data access subscribers, and more than half a million pay TV users. Through Telefà ³nica de Espaà ±a, the company is the leading fixed-line operator in Spain with about 15 million lines in service. 3.Minority investors in Telefonicas south American subsiddairies are unhappy with the parent corporation. Suppose you are a senior manager at the parent corporation. How would you handleShow MoreRelatedKey Challenges to Cross Cultural Management: O2 Germany Case Study1142 Words   |  5 Pageskey challenges as they try to manage people from differing cultures to help them meet their internationalization goals. The acquisition of o2 Germany, then a German subsidiary of the o2 Plc Group, by Telefà ³nica S.A, the Spanish telecommunication incumbent, in January 2006 will be used as a case-study to present some of the key cross cultural management challenges that an MNC may encounter. 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Roles and Responsibilities of a Tutor Free Essays

The roles, responsibilities and boundaries of a tutor within the FE/adult education sector are ever progressing qualities which are reflected upon using the teaching cycle. This cycle can be used by both tutor and learner as discussed in ‘Prepare to teach in the lifelong learning sector’ – Ann Gravells 3rd Edition. Roles 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Roles and Responsibilities of a Tutor or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0 The role of a tutor is to create a safe and healthy learning environment, where learners are able to work at their individual level. This is backed up by the use of initial assessment upon induction to the course. This will allow the tutor to pinpoint who may eed additional support through one to one support and extra tutorials. I, as the tutor will be teaching the subject effectively following the scheme of work, ensuring the aims and objectives are met. Continual assessment throughout the course will aid learner progression and also allow learners to re-evaluate their own development. Also by using learning style questionnaires like ‘Fleming 1987’ the tutor is able to teach using various learning styles such as, visual, auditory and kinaesthetic. This allows inclusive teaching and will develop learners and cover all of their specific needs. The utor is able to adapt the lesson plan to incorporate all students giving them a chance to become involved. Planning and preparation are key issues ‘By Failing To Prepare, You Are Preparing To Fail’ as quoted by Benjamin Franklin. You must decide what you want to achieve, plan and deliver you lesson accordingly. Targets need to be set, SMART targets should be used specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time related. These targets will enhance learning and can be used by both learner and tutor. At the end of the session it is vital to evaluate the lesson with the learners, by re-capping the aims to see if they were fully chieved. Once this has been carried out it may mean a change to the following weeks session. My role is also an assessor, so I need to prepare learners for practical assessments and give thorough guidance on the set criteria. Learners are encouraged to self assess giving them the opportunity to evaluate their own progression. Feedback is given on a one to one, the learner is given praise regardless whether the result is a pass or fail. This is to ensure learners are encouraged and never feel downhearted, this in turn will boost moral and motivate the learners to succeed further. Responsibilities 2. My responsibilities are very important, I have a duty of care to provide a safe environment and conduct risk assessments on learners and follow them up with an action plan. During practical session enforcing the correct use of personal protective equipment. I must ensure I keep an up to date register every session, this is essential to check learner attendance, achievement and also monitor progression. The awarding and funding bodies also need a record for their own evidence. Safeguarding learners, we carry out reviews every ten weeks and this involves covering Every Child Matters. Encouraging the learners to say how they stay safe, healthy and how they enjoy and achieve. The safeguarding policy we have in place not only covers our learners but also covers tutors. Teaching all learners with equal respect regardless of their sex, race, religion or ability and promote equality and diversity to all learners within their lessons. This also allows the tutor to incorporate differentiation within the session. Planning, ensuring that I am following the scheme of work and the course content is clear but also meets the needs of the individual learner. This also means turning up efore the learners do and making sure all resources are prepared and you have taken into account any materials being used are suitable for all learning styles. Data protection is an essential part of my responsibility as learners upon induction give information about themselves and this is to remain confidential at all times. Information about other staff members must not be passed on to learners as part of the data protection act. Standardising practise with other colleagues through attending standardisation meetings are vital to ensure practises are met and that all work is being marked to the correct standard. Homework handed in, is marked and returned within a reasonable time and any feedback and praise is constructive. Above all self control is extremely important, be prepared for confrontation and negativity but to answer or handle the issues calmly. Acting, dressing and speaking in an appropriate manner at all times as learners look to you as a role model to follow. Boundaries 3. 0 As tutors,we have professional boundaries which we must work within and it is very important not to over step those boundaries. You must be able to identify where the role of a tutor stops and remain there. As a tutor I must keep to standards and work within egulations set by the awarding body. Contact with learners should be kept to a professional level at all times, this means when contacting learners for assessments or to provide information to them it should be done using company mobiles or emails. Safeguarding yourself while using social networking sites having no learners on your profile, this protects both you as a tutor and the learner. Confidentiality of learners should be treated with respect, but the learner needs to be informed that although they have told you this information, you may have to refer it to a professional. Conclusion 4. 0  This is a brief description of my roles, responsibilities and boundaries as a tutor within the FE/adult education sector. These are the most important issues to be able to carry out the role successfully and help learners progress. By using a skills audit for my own work I am able to identify that I can demonstrate my skills effectively and should use the audit to reflect, although I know personally that within the areas of numeracy and literacy skills my weakest skill is numeracy. I have been using BBC Skills Wise website to help me develop my skills and give me the confidence to guide learners through their own issues with numeracy. How to cite Roles and Responsibilities of a Tutor, Essay examples Roles and Responsibilities of a tutor Free Essays This assignment discusses the functions and duties of a coach in the womb-to-tomb acquisition sector. It highlights the chief standards required to be a good coach within the instruction environment and the restrictions for this function. The assignment will give clear positions on the classs and criterions in which coachs have to show abilities these include: Knowledge and understanding Planning, learning and category direction Monitoring and appraisal Record maintaining Knowledge and apprehension: Coachs must be confident in the topic cognition they are traveling to learn. We will write a custom essay sample on Roles and Responsibilities of a tutor or any similar topic only for you Order Now This has to be the specialized topic you are qualified in. Planning, learning and category direction: Planing and planing of a lesson is a important and the? learning rhythm construct demand to be followed. These are: the purposes A ; principle, program lesson A ; expected result, bringing of lesson, assess larning against results, feedback A ; rating. Zaf – you must be careful with how you express your ideas. Besides – although you have now mentioned the Aims and Rationale – it is still non truly clear why these are so of import in relation to each scholar group. The aims of the lesson and its result must be visualised before the topic is taught, and it must be appropriate for the group. Learner ‘s demands are non to be ignored, and a Tutor must concentrate on the issues of equality and diverseness in the schoolroom, and every kid affairs ( ECM ) . i In the delivering of the lesson, a coach needs to take into history the different backgrounds, larning demands, and disablements of the scholars, extra stuff should be made available to all persons when required.i The presentation and executing of the lesson plays a cardinal function in scholar ‘s acquisition, as each person have different ways of larning. iThe resources used in the lesson, for illustration, PowerPoint, Flip Chart, and Wipe Board should be to the full utilized. Visual, auditory and practical acquisition manners guarantee the scholar to hold equal chances in larning. Tutorials and quizzes get the pupil interested and their attending? in the lesson therefore should be portion of the lessons. Changing types of lesson programs can bring forth involvement for the scholars ; and make an chance to measure the scholars apprehension of the topic. Contemplations of the lesson during the undermentioned hebdomad will enable the coach to acquire a sense of what pupils have learned and if methods are effectual. i Monitoring and Appraisal The initial interview and appraisal is the start of Learner / coach relationship. The Tutor will get down to larn what motivates the scholars to be a portion of this specific class. i The class and degree demands to be matched with the pupils ‘ abilities and the pervious accomplishment and cognition of the topic. The scholar ‘s ability should be assessed, in literacy, linguistic communication and numeracy accomplishments that may be applicable. This will assist place the strengths and failing of the scholar. i The Initial appraisal is besides used to inform the development of larning programs. iThe feedback from the assignments will besides assist measure the success of the lessons. It is really of import to do certain that the scholars inscribing for classs to the full understand what is required from them. iIt is a two manner system where the coach understands the scholar, and the scholar understands whether the class they are shiping on is the right 1 for them. ii Measuring the pupils larning against results, feedback and rating of the lesson is of import ; a coach could orient their following bringing in line with the feedback received from the pupils. iLessons including practical activities, tutorials, and quizzes are good manner to supervise scholar ‘s advancement throughout the class. i Coachs are committed to raise the criterion of scholars to accomplish better consequences. Assessment is the manner to guarantee the scholar ‘s advancement is on path, aid should be provided every bit shortly as the coach realises the scholar is holding troubles. i Marking is one signifier of supervising an appraisal, the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours monitoring allows a coach to recognize when the pupils are holding troubles with the constructs a coach can so turn to these troubles. iThe appraisals of scholars must be continually monitored to analyze the advancement they are doing, and maintain the scholars informed, the feedback should be provided. i Record Keeping: The administrative duties of the coach is to maintain a registry for of the pupil ‘s attending ; records of accomplishment and profiles. These are the chief grounds for maintaining records: To supervise and be after in front ; ( session program ) i To inform internal and external examining organic structures ; i To show that the processs are being decently followed ; i To look into the attending of the pupils ; ( legal demand ) i To track pupil ‘s advancement and demands for excess support, this is to supply grounds for funding organic structures. i In the position of, ( Gravells A ; Simpson, pg.21. 2010 ) â€Å" All relevant information should be documented in the signifier of a program, normally called an person acquisition program ( ILP ) , this is besides known as action program † . i They note that the followers are good pattern when finishing an ILP. Involve your scholars, promote them to discourse their acquisition and support demands. Refer to the consequences of initial and diagnostic appraisals, and larning manners trials. Make sure they are single to each scholar ; there is no 1 size fits all. Express and communicate acquisition marks both verbally and in composing. ii Restrictions: There are restrictions to what a coach can make ; coachs should non supply reding or fiscal advice, for illustrations, lodging benefits, income support etc. They should mention scholars to an appropriate administration who deals with this sort of issues. i The limited clip and resources available to tutor hold to be considered. The cost of purchasing extra stuff makes it harder to assist the pupils in farther support in the lessons. As a coach, there are professional restrictions in topographic point such as non to supplying your phone figure ; the intent of these is to protect coachs from inappropriate contact. i Decision: It is clear that coachs have tonss of other duties other than merely fixing and learning. iTutors need to do certain every scholar demands are catered for, when planning, fixing and presenting the lesson. i All the records are on a regular basis checked, kept to day of the month, and are available to for analyzing and funding organic structures. Resources needed for the lesson are available to enable pupils to take part. i In the position of ( Tummons, 2007 pg.17 ) , â€Å" Much of the work done by the coach has to make with acquisition and instruction: preparing larning resource ; interceding with external testers ; taging assignment and entering the consequences. Then there are many things that do non truly look to be related to larning and learning at all, such as taking portion in selling and promotion activities, which besides come as portion of the coach ‘s function, as it is really important to procure enlisting for the undermentioned twelvemonth † . i How to cite Roles and Responsibilities of a tutor, Essay examples

Advanced Medical Technology Solution free essay sample

Would you, as Mr. Winter, recommend a loan to AMT? If so, on what basis? As Mr. Winter, I would recommend a loan to Advanced Medical Technology Corporation (AMT). There are several reasons why I would recommend a loan to AMT. The biggest factor is this company is still in the growth / infancy stage of its life cycle. They have invested large amounts of capital into the research and development, and marketing of its products, and it is too soon to see the rewards from these investments. Some of the changes that need to be made in order for a loan to be approved for AMT include improving manufacturing efficencies, short-term loans, operations, and managing their accounts recieveables. The manufacturing operations of AMT can be streamlined which will enable AMT to see greater profits. Right now they are building in ten to twelve week lot sizes, and they are not always making the products they need. We will write a custom essay sample on Advanced Medical Technology Solution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the investment into a information system, they can streamline this process. This was installed in 1984, and they are making progress. I would recommend reshuffling some positions (i. e. , MRP, planning, master data) in order to obtain the full benefit of the information system. They can build larger lot sizes of some products which will cut down on the direct labor costs for the materials. Making only the products they know they have demand on will minimize the excess and obsolesnce amount they have to reserve for each quarter. AMT can also improve its accounts receivable days outstanding ratio by having more control over it’s A/R. Having someone do background checks on new customers instead of granting all new customers the same 30 days. Some customers with poor credit history should be given no credit, and must pay COD or before the products are shipped to minimize risk of default. Well-known customers or customers with great credit can be given more than 30 days. Also, collection of past-due accounts should be pursued more aggressively. Based on the criteria mentioned, and the financial statements, I would give AMT the full $8 million line of credit. The company has had great growth in its revenues. Although this company has not been profitable over the last three years, if it had to turn a profit, it could do so by eliminating research and development. Just by selling existing products, it would have had a net income of $3. 8 million in 1985 if it did not have the research and development expense. I am not advising the removal of RD, I am just providing a worst case scenario for the company. Ending the RD department would cause no new products, and new improvements to existing products in an ever changing evenronment. This company has the potential to become profitable in 1986, and pay down significant amounts to its debt by the end of 1987. And they need to pay down some debt in order to improve their working capital which was fine in 1983, but because of expenses (possibly related to the installation of the information system) in 1984 its working capital has soured.

Alternative Medicine Speech Essays

Alternative Medicine Speech Essays Alternative Medicine Speech Essay Alternative Medicine Speech Essay Introduc? on Alterna? ve medicine Have you ever wondered about the side e? ects of most medica? ons? Or worse, what that speci? c medica? on treads? According to the American Medical Associa? on, the average of Americans of age 65 take 7 di? erent prescrip? on pills, 2 of them tread the symptoms of the original disease or diseases and 5 suppress the side e? ects of the ? rst medica? ons. Most don’t think of alterna? ve medica? ons as an op? on, but it is. In fact, alterna? ve medica? ons can be be(er for your body than conven? onal medica? ons. What I’m going to explain is what alterna? ve medicine is, why some disapprove it and why it  can be be(er for you. Body That being said, Alterna? ve medicine can be de? ned as any form of medica? on prac? ce outside of the realm of conven? onal medicine, and there are more 100 types of alterna? ve medica? ons in use today. Some examples include: yoga, acupuncture, aromatherapy and herbalism. So why there are so many people against alterna? ve medicine? Well, some say that there isn’t a lot of research on the subject, it? s not really documented and there? s no evidence truly suppor? ng this medicine. To this argument, I say yes, it does need more research. But if we are going to compare, only 15% of conven?  onal medical prac? ces are supported by any evidence at all. Let’s take herbalism. If you start taking vitamin C daily, or any other herbal supplement, what is going to do with you? It’s just gonna make your body be(er, it’s not gonna harm you, it’s not like a random drug trial, where you take a pill once and have to su? er the side e? ects of vomi? ng, excessive swea? ng, dizziness†¦ it’ll only keep you from ge8ng sick. Another advantage of this kind of medicine is in the fact that, unlike conven? onal medicine, it focuses on preven? ng diseases and not just treading them. You may ask: why can’t I just take an? bio? cs, for example? It makes me feel be(er then why shouldn’t I take it? Well, over the years an? bio? cs lose their e? ec? veness and the frequent use of them can lead to a weaken immunity, because our immune systems works through experience and if we take a pill for everything, our body will never learn how to ? ght even the simplest germ. One important thing to know about alterna? ve medica? on and probably the most important thing is that it cannot ? x everything and it doesn’t claim to ? x everything. If you absolutely need a prescrip? on pill, like an an? bio? c when you are su? ering from a severe  disease, then yes, by all means take it because the role point of the medica? on is to not let that disease spread through your body. But, just keep this in mind: you don’t need a pill for everything. Conclusion Finaly, I’ve explained what alterna? ve medicine is and give you some examples, now, I simply asking you to think di? erently about your health and even try to improve it. Alterna? ve medicine doesn’t mean voodoo or banning your doctor, it’s just another way to live healthier. Remember this: you don’t want to be 65, taking 10 di? erent medica? ons and have 5 of them treading the side e? ects of the previous 5.

British And Control Of New World Essays - British East India Company

British And Control Of New World Essays - British East India Company British And Control Of New World Control The British new there was riches to be had in the new world. They werent happy with everyone getting a piece of the action. They wanted it all for themselves. In order to ensure that no one else was getting rich they put many rules and regulations on how things were to be done in the colonies. The British wanted to be in control of all trade that was going on though out the world. They started with the Navigation Acts saying at first the ships and crewmembers needed to be either English or Colonial. They later changed that to make it only the English. They set rules such as the Manufacturing Acts on wool and Hats they could not manufacture finish goods. All raw materials had to be shipped to England, and then back to the colonies in finished goods. In 1776 the British imposed the Currency Act, colonies were no longer allowed to have paper money. All because British merchants didnt like the idea. As if that wasnt enough the British were adding one tax after another. The Sugar Act was designed to make sure the sugar went only to England. Ships needed to carry prove of where the sugar came from. The Stamp Act really pissed the colonist off. It was the first internal tax directed right at the colonist. This tax meant that any documents of importance such as newspapers, playing cards, and legal documents needed to have a stamp on them, of course this cost the colonist money. The colonist where very angry, the believed they had helped the British in the French and Indian war, and this was unfair. They revolted in many ways, one being people where tar and feathered. The Townshend Duties Act was another way of getting more for their money out of the colonist. Because they didnt want to pay internal tax, England figured they could get them on external tax on things such as tea, paper, paint, lead, and glass. The colonist decided it was time to stop buying from Great Britain, and only buy goods made in the colonies. The Tea Act of 1773 was another way to get money out of the colonist. They took the duties off the British ships transporting tea in order to get equal with the price of the Dutch. Thinking the colonist would buy the tea and pay the Tounshend Duties. The colonist disgusted with the way the British where handling things, dressed as Indians and dumped 342 chest of tea in the harbor. The British where getting scared and new they needed troops to control the colonist. They put together acts in order to keep them under control. The Intolerable Acts such as the Boston Port Act was a way of getting back at the colonist. England shut down the Boston port from all incoming and outgoing ships. The colonies stuck together and sent goods to the people of Boston. Massachusetts Act restricted the number of meetings that could be held without the governors approval. The Quartering Act said that troops could be anywhere, ever in the homes of colonist. As if they didnt think they had enough control over the colonist, they imposed the Declaratory Act. This acts meant parliament could establish any set of rules on the colonies. The colonist could only put up with so much crap from Britain. They had to fight back, and they did. Because of the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and the Townshend Duties, came Non-Importation a ploy to put stress on Britains economy. In 1772 the Committee of Correspondence was formed, this enabled the colonies to communicate up and down the coast. In 1774 the first continental congress was created fifty-six delegates from twelve colonies all but Georgia. I believe the colonist had every right to feel and act the way they did. Things may have been different if they would not have been so greedy. I personally am glad things happened the way they did. I love my free country.

Understanding the Ethics of Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Understanding the Ethics of Engineering - Essay Example If any company or organization does not behave ethically regarding any kind of business matter, various destructive effects occur as a result. â€Å"Business ethics, like most areas of ethics, often tends to focus on principles of actions, on the action itself and its consequences† (Frederick 30). In the field of engineering, ethics means the standards of moral behavior of individuals, not the standards of the engineering business as a whole. A business that behaves ethically induces other business associates to behave ethically as well (Posters). In this report regarding understanding the ethics of engineering, the factors which will be covered are ethical behaviors, importance of ethics in mechanical engineering, and various ethical issues in mechanical engineering. Ethical behavior promotes the self-respect, self-esteem, diversity and basic rights of individuals and groups of people. Personal ethics are the moral foundation on which people build their lives (Scivicque). Some examples of ethical behavior include truthfulness, fairness, respect, honesty, equality, sincerity, helping other individuals, taking care of others, obeying laws, and social values. Truthfulness is meant to inform others about any unwanted situation in order to provide them with awareness regarding the seriousness of the issue. For example, a doctor should always inform the patient about the disease even if the patient is not capable of bearing treatment expenditures. Fairness is that ethical behavior which is of extreme importance in any individual’s life. Fairness means to deal with every individual evenhandedly. For example, if a person is at a high rank, he is not supposed to make negative or improper use of his authority in any case. He should show fairness in every case which he deals with. Respect is another ethical behavior which deals with the admiration, approbation, and deference among individuals. For

The Little Red Roaster Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Little Red Roaster - Case Study Example Center of discussion in this paper is the Little Red Roaster that had been in business since 1994. Owned by Kendra Gordon Green, the company offered a menu of coffees, teas, gourmet beverages, breakfasts, light lunches and snacks. The company had been approached by other companies to diversify its operations into wholesaling and catering. There was also the option of selling the company. The LRR operated in a highly competitive market. Therefore the company could not afford to sit still. The company could expand into wholesaling or catering. The management could also sell the company. Given the fierce competition for market share in retail, the company’s core business, the future strategic direction would involve implementing one of these options. Gordon-Green had to make a decision fast about which option to pursue. The communication theory is relevant in this business situation because of the distribution and logistics issues to be considered. The company would require a wel l-designed communication system in either wholesale or catering. The company’s goal is to maintain net profit at 4.56% of sales. In reaching this goal, the company had three action alternatives. Gordon-Green could sell the company. The LRR could diversify into wholesale. The company could expand the catering capacity. In implementing either option of wholesaling or catering, the company would incur additional costs. In implementing the wholesaling strategy, the LRR should outsource distribution and logistics to D&C. ... So Gordon-Green had to make a decision about which of these future options to pursue. Problems The LRR operated in a highly competitive market. Therefore Gordon-Green had to make a decision fast about the strategic direction of the company. The LRR had been approached by wholesale and catering customers to expand in both industries. However, given the wide spectrum of competitors in the industry, they would not wait long. The LRR had developed strong brand awareness in the retail market. However the company could not afford to sit still given the wide spectrum of competitors, as stated in the case, ranging from multinational corporations to family-run businesses. Given the fierce competition for market share, the LRR had to diversify into other markets. Therefore Gordon-Green had to consider the proposals made by both the student consultant team and the wholesale and catering customers. Given the high level of competitive rivalry in the market, the strategic direction of the company was at stake. However Gordon-Green had three options to consider. She could sell the company or expand in the wholesale business or expand in the catering business. These are the three future options one of which should be selected. Given the fast pace of change in the external environment, the wholesale and catering customers would not wait long before they approached other retail companies. Therefore Gordon-Green was anxious to make a fast decision. If Gordon-Green sold the company, then she would no longer be able to capitalize upon the strong brand awareness that the company had achieved so far. Gordon-Green enjoyed being an entrepreneur and wanted to be in business for herself. However she was also

Riots Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Riots - Essay Example The protesters rallied with Gray’s family in a bid to find answers as to what happened to Gray while he was under police custody. The protesters rallied to help his family find the truth. The protests turned violent on the Monday night of 27th April 2015, when rioters began to damage buildings and destroy police vehicles. The violent protests resulted to looting of several stores and businesses. The protesters pushed to get explanation on Gray’s death and for justice. The protests resembled those held in Ferguson, Missouri, and New York after the deaths of unarmed African American men while under police custody. The Baltimore riots resulted from the arrest and death of Freddie Gray an African American man. The riots were sparked on the basis of calls for justice for Gray’s family and accusation of police brutality and racial profiling of suspects. The protests began peacefully but later turned violent resulting to looting and damaging of public and private goods in Baltimore,

Riparian Ecosystem in the Semi-arid Southwest US

Riparian Ecosystem in the Semi-arid Southwest US Yi Rong Ecosystem project Geographic location The absolute location of the riparian ecosystem in the semi-arid Southwest of the US is 38 ° 11†² 21†³ S 109 ° 53 †²07 †³ W while its relative location is Southwest of the Colorado River. Climate The riparian ecosystem in this region registers an annual temperature of approximately 55F with an annual temperature range of 40F to 55F. The region receives a bi-modal precipitation regime with the highest precipitation experienced during the winter as well as during the summer monsoon winds. The annual precipitation can be recorded at between 16cm to 54cm. One of the major factors affecting the temperature and precipitation in this ecosystem is the proximity to the Colorado River which increases precipitation (Trexler 58). The thin cloud cover also influence the temperature as well as precipitation as it dictates the amount of direct sunlight on the moisture on the ground. The elevation of the ground is also another important factor that may influence precipitation and temperature. The higher the elevation, an area will experience higher the temperatures and lower precipitation. However, if the elevation is low then temperatures are expected to be lower while precipitation will be higher (Trexler 63). Extreme weather events in the southwest riparian ecosystem are mainly heat waves, floods and droughts and this can be attributed to the global climate change. This is because the climate of this region can be classified under a cold, semi-arid climatic zone (Doyle and Drew 13). This is characterized by relatively long drought periods as well as irregular precipitation, growing seasons that range from warm to hot and extended periods of winter which is sustained by freezing temperatures. Landforms and the land forming processes The riparian ecosystem here sits on a crustal rock that is surrounded by deformed Rocky Mountains together with Basin and Range Provinces (Raynolds 23). The main structures in this region are flexures, salt tectonic features, monoclines, vertical faults and volcanic. The folds here are broader rather than the characteristic tight folds found in orogenic belts. The wide areas of flat lying sedimentary rocks are divided by sudden bends of strata that form along the monoclonal folds formed nearly more than 600 million years ago. Normal faults dissect the ground in this area where normal faults are formed by tensional forces in which case the foot wall moves upwards relative to the hanging wall. These faults are more prevalent here because of the movement of the crustal blocks occurring in the Precambrian basement and the differential movement can be attributed to the differences in the elevation in this particular riparian ecosystem (Raynolds 39). Precambrian rocks are visible around th e region and they consist of gneiss, schist and younger sedimentary rocks. About 1.7 billion years ago, a north-south continental compression resulted in wrench faults areas, one being the Colorado River Lineament. Water and wind are the two key forces that can be attributed to the erosion of the ecosystem over the years (Adler 32). The main reason why water is the greatest force of the two is that the sun bakes the soil thereby making it so hard that it becomes difficult to absorb water. Therefore, when it rains, rain water flows freely with immense force. The vegetation in the area also doesn’t have deep laid roots to hold the soil together and this only adds to the problem (Lauenroth and Burke 51). As the free flowing water goes down, it creates flash floods that have great power to move rock boulders as big as automobiles. Ice also another erosion factor that cannot be ignored in this area. As faults are created between rocks, water seeps between these cracks and when temperatures are low, it turns to ice thereby expanding the cracks. When these faults get wide enough, pieces of rocks on the edges fall away and hit other rocks along the way thereby causing massive erosion effects. Th e topography of the ecosystem has characteristic different elevation levels. The vegetation in this area is mainly open-woodlands. The plants found here include cottonwoods, alders, cattails, plums as well as tall grass (Ralston 74). The Colorado River also makes an important part of the topography of the ecosystem. Surrounding the ecosystems are canyons and volcanic rocks whose surfaces have been eroded over the years mainly by water. Drainage patterns and stream systems The flow of the stream determines the forces that erode sediment and transport and deposit the same. This is important as it influences the various dimensions of aquatic systems in the ecosystem (Raynolds 53). The variance of stream flow also plays a major role in the occurrence of suitable environment and species abundance. The structural controls offered by the environment in the ecosystem act to dictate the various aspects of the stream’s flow such as its velocity and direction. Drainage patterns of streams in the ecosystem take the form of parallel and dendritic drainage patterns that are the most common in riparian ecosystems. As for the stream capacity, given the geology of the ecosystems and the level of erosion, the stream capacity in the ecosystem is high as the sediments from eroded soil and rocks transported by the stream is also high which translates to high power (Hazel 47). However, stream discharge in the ecosystem is relatively low as the width of the stream is narrow and wouldn’t support high stream discharge while the stream velocity is also low due to the many artificial islands formed by rocks found in the stream. These act to reduce the velocity of the stream greatly. The hard soil surface under the stream makes it difficult for water absorption and therefore when it rains, flash floods form easily while recurrence depends on the rain intervals during the year. Biome The biome in the ecosystem is classified according to the latitude within which the ecosystem is located. As a result of this, the climatic conditions brought about by the ecosystem’s latitude play a major role in determining the biome found in this area. Therefore, the dominant plants found in this particular ecosystem are mainly cottonwoods and open-woodlands. The animal species are the mule deer and the elk (Van Cole 16). Ecosystem characteristics, productivity, and services The productivity of the ecosystem can be seen from the dams and reservoir built in order to reduce the amount of erosion taking place in the ecosystem (Yaffee 61). This has received positive results as erosion has reduced greatly. On productivity, the ecosystem acts as a park ecosystem and local tourists can go and enjoy the different flora and fauna the ecosystem has to offer. Habitat/s The Riparian habitats are defined by different plants that depend on an integral hydrological regime. It is a case whereby the groundwater is sustained and surface flows that are natural occur. Plant and animal communities An assemblage of animal and plant communities is what define Riparian ecosystems and the presence of these communities attribute directly or indirectly to stream induced or interrelated factors. A greater diversity of animals and plants are supported by the Riparian ecosystems than the upland habitats. Food web and food chains In relation to the food web and chains, it is clear that approximately 80 percent of sensitive vertebrate species depend on aquatic habitants in their life cycle. Example of an animal and its niche There are western screech-owls, which have a niche at the moist woodlands that are found along the lakes and streams. Example of a symbiotic relationships A significant symbiotic relationship is between the star-flowered Solomon’s-seal with the moist shady woodlands that are found along the streams. Human-Land relationships Deforestation and animal grazing are some of the human activities that are taking place in the ecosystem. Ecosystem status Currently, the ecosystem is in a threatened/endangered status as the acts of animal grazing and deforestation are rampant within the area. A practical conservation strategy that has been adopted is the Conservation Reserve Program, which has been redesigned with the purpose of providing priority to areas that are stream buffer zones. Works Cited Adler, Robert W. Restoring Colorado River Ecosystems: A Troubled Sense of Immensity. Washington: Island Press, 2007. Web. Bainbridge, David. A Guide for Desert and Dryland Restoration: New Hope for Arid Lands. Washington: Island Press. 2012. Print. Doyle, Mary, and Cynthia A. Drew. Large-scale Ecosystem Restoration: Five Case Studies from the United States. Washington: Island Press, 2008. Web. Folliott, Peter and Leonard F. DeBano. Riparian Areas of the Southwestern United States: Hydrology, Ecology, and Management. Florida: CRC Press. 2003. Print. Hazel, Joseph E. Monitoring Fine-Grained Sediment in the Colorado River Ecosystem, Arizona: Control Network. S.l.: Bibliogov, 2013. Print. Kaiser, James. Grand Canyon: the Complete Guide. Ringgold, Ga.: Destination Press, 2011. Print. Lauenroth, William K, and Ingrid C. Burke. Ecology of the Short grass Steppe: A Long-Term Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Web. Ralston, Barbara E. A Vegetation Database for the Colorado River Ecosystem from Glen Canyon Dam to the Western Boundary of Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. Flagstaff, Ariz.: Northern Arizona University, 2007. Print. Raynolds, Robert G. Roaming the Rocky Mountains and Environs: Geological Field Trips. Boulder, Colo: Geological Society of America, 2008. Print. Trexler, Joel. Monitoring Ecosystems. Washington: Island Press. 2003. Print. Van, Riper C, and Mark K. Sogge. The Colorado Plateau Iii: Integrating Research and Resources Management for Effective Conservation. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2008. Print. Van, Riper C, and Kenneth L. Cole. The Colorado Plateau: Cultural, Biological, and Physical Research. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2004. Print. Yaffee, Steven L. Ecosystem Management in the United States: An Assessment of Current Experience. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1996. Print.

Yuki Tanakas Japans Comfort Women Essay example -- China Japan War R

Yuki Tanaka's "Japan's Comfort Women" This paper is a review of the book Japan’s Comfort Women-Sexual slavery and prostitution during WWII and the US occupation by Yuki Tanaka. This book was published in 2002 by Routledge. The book deals with the thousands of Japanese, Korean, Chinese and other Asian and European women who were victims of organized sexual violence and prostitution by means of â€Å"comfort stations† setup by the Japanese military during World War II.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As we first get into the book, we find out that the origins of comfort stations i.e. military brothels are unknown, but official documents strongly suggest that the Japanese Imperial Forces created comfort stations roughly around 1931-1932 for Japanese sailors. In the introduction we get some of Tanaka’s personal opinions and thoughts, and a vivid account of what it felt like to be a comfort woman by a Filipina. â€Å"Twelve soldiers raped me in quick succession, after which I was given half an hour rest. Then twelve more soldiers followed. I bled so much and was in such pain; I could not even stand up† (p.1). During the war, the Japanese could see that their soldiers were committing mass rape toward civilians. That led military leaders to ask the Japanese government for comfort stations to be made in order to prevent such crimes. This is a quote from a Japanese Lieutenant-General in 1932. â€Å"Recently I have heard a lot of scandalous stories, inc luding that some of our soldiers wander around seeking women. Such a phenomenon is hard to prevent as fighting becomes less frequent. Therefore the establishment of appropriate facilities must be accepted as a good cause and should be promoted† (p.10). They were also created to boost soldier morale and to prevent the spread of VD among fellow troops. In the first couple of chapters Tanaka explains how women from different countries were procured into working as sex slaves and how they were brought into such dealings. The women used for comfort houses were at first professional Japanese prostitutes, and poor Japanese and Korean women. They were usually recruited by an agent who would go to a specific town and look for girls to recruit. Of course deceit was used to get these girls to come in that they were promised a nice paying job, food, and shelter if they came along. The recruiting of Korean women was a way of the Japanese to colonize their newly gai... ...ned to police because of fear of being harmed, so the exact number is hard to tell. Most GI’s did not care for the Japanese because they had won the war and thought everything around them were spoils of the war that they had every right to indulge in. Lots of numeric figures and testimonies of actual rapes are prevalent in this chapter. Tanaka in the final chapter talks about how during the occupation the Allied forces forced the Japanese to â€Å"voluntarily† setup services to adhere to their men. The Recreation and Amusement Association was created to provide sexual and recreational entertainment to the Allied forces occupying Japan. These services included not only comfort houses but beer halls, restaurants for officers, billiard clubs, and dance halls like cabaret. The Allied forces did not want to seem as bad guys by forcing Japan to do these things. So they used blackmail in order to get what they want. By mere suggestion, the Allied forces hinted that their s tay would be shorter if the Japanese gave them what they wanted. It is ironic how setting up comfort houses ended up backfiring against the Japanese as their own citizens were now being exploited due to occupation by force.

Analysis of Comments on a New York Times Article Essay

The article, â€Å"Forced From Executive Pay to Hourly Wage,† which was written by Michael Luo and was published in the New York Times last February 28, 2009, basically told the story of people who used to earn five or six-figure amounts per year, are now being paid hourly minimum wages. One example in the article was the case of Mark Cooper, who used to earn $70,000 as a security manager for Fortune 500 Company in the United States and who oversees a budget of $1. 2 million. Nine months ago, he lost his job and now he is earning $12 an hour in his job at his friend’s janitorial services company. Although the article itself is appealing enough, it is also interesting to note the readers’ comments about it. As of now, there are 300 comments about the article and upon reviewing most of them, it can be surmised that each reader who commented had significantly different viewpoints and opinions about the story told in the New York Times article. Evidently, these readers adhere to different moral codes which are seen through their responses. In general, the readers who commented on the article can be divided into two groups: one group lauded the brave act of Mark Cooper while the other criticized the style of writing and the subtle message that New York Times writer used in the article. One of the reader’s who praised the article story admired the courage of Mr. Cooper as he was able to lower his pride and found ways to provide for his family even if it means that he has to scrub toilets and have his salary dramatically reduced from five figures to an hourly wage without any benefits. In a sense, this group highly regarded the value of hard work and starting all over again in a dignified way. Most of their comments basically indicated that Mr. Cooper is not alone and that there are hundreds of Americans who have similar â€Å"riches to rags† stories. These readers, based on their comments, also believed that there is no shame being poor as long as one has a dignified and lawful job. On other hand, the other group of readers who commented on the article criticized the New York Times for insinuating that those who work blue-collar jobs are lower forms of human beings than those who work white-collar ones. They see the article as discriminating to Americans who have been living their lives below the poverty line for a long time even before the current economic crisis. For example, one reader lamented that article more or less showed that a $12-an-hour job is an indecent way of living, which is not true. In addition, one reader did not feel sorry for Mr. Cooper and commented that he had a lot to be thankful for because he lives in an above average house and was able to live a rich life. To this reader, the economic crisis makes everyone in America equal because they are struggling to make ends meet. However, what’s common in all the readers’ responses is that they could all relate to the difficulties experienced by the people depicted in the article. In fact some of the readers, who are evidently from different walks of life, shared their own stories in their comments. In other words, the single factor that binds all the readers who commented is the hardship brought about by the financial crisis in America. In a way, the article’s comments show two things: one is that there are a lot of Americans who are so used to a good life that they are seemingly caught off-guard when a devastating financial crisis like this hits them and the other is that due to the crisis, most Americans would be willing to take on any job just to survive. But the comments also indicated that Americans are more unified in achieving a common goal which is to recover from the devastating effects of the crisis and rebuild their lives. Works Cited Luo, Mark. â€Å"Forced From Executive Pay to Hourly Wage. † 28 February 2009. New York Times. 4 March 2009 < http://www. nytimes. com/2009/03/01/us/01survival. html? pagewanted=1&_r=2&sq=executive%20janitor&st=cse&scp=1>.

Private Schools vs Public essays

Private Schools vs Public essays In the middle of a crowded commercial area and a low-income housing subdivision sits Rincon High School. The students at Rincon test at slightly below average on the Iowa Basic Skills Test, a generalized knowledge exam given nationwide to all students every year. St. Gregory College Preparatory School is located in a suburban area near expensive homes and pricey coffee shops. Student achievement at St. Gregorys is exceptional, in contrast to the mediocre performance of students elsewhere in the city. Public schools simply cannot compete with the amenities and environment available to students at private schools. There is a significant contrast between the opportunities offered at St. Gregorys and Rincon, not only in the type of classes but in the physical environment itself. There is a world of difference between the two schools. If you spent time on each campus, you would reach the conclusion that they have to be in different cities. Surprisingly, they are located within five miles of each other. Latin classes are mandatory for all entering freshmen at St. Gregorys, while Rincon students take entry-level Spanish as an elective. Trigonometry is a standard math class at St. Gregorys, but Rincon only offers that level of math as an advanced placement course. The physical environment at Rincon includes uniformed security officers trying to maintain order in overcrowded, rundown buildings. Students must pass through metal detectors to enter the campus. Teachers spend more time on discipline than instruction. The student attitude at St. Gregorys was more mature and responsible. No metal detectors have been installed, and there is no need for security guards. There are no gangs and no graffiti on campus. The only security issues involved nonstudents vandalizing the campus buildings. St. Gregorys holds one-fifth the number of students as Rincon, but the size of the buildings...

The Emirati Consumers Buying Behaviors

The Emirati Consumers Buying Behaviors Introduction There is no use denying the fact that modern world is based on market relations. Nowadays, every state is able to exist and function due to the main aspects of market-driven economy. People and organizations buy certain goods and in this way they promote further development of the whole industry.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Emirati Consumers Buying Behaviors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These regularities are peculiar to the majority of countries in the world nowadays. That is why, it is absolutely vital for coherent society to save existing model as the whole prosperity of the world depends on it. Additionally, it is possible to say that there are regions where some certain sorts of goods are distributed better than others. I t is connected with the peculiarities of development of the area and culture of people who live there (Luxury Goods in the United Arab Emirates, 2014). Special demand leads to the development of a certain kind of industry which, in its turn, influences the whole economy of a state. Nevertheless, especially important it becomes if the demand of a customer and his/her buying behavior depend on the presence or absence of a certain kind of goods (Worldwide luxury goods continues double-digit annual growth; global market now tops â‚ ¬200 billion, finds Bain Company, 2013). Under these conditions, the aim of this work is to analyze the Emirati consumer’s buying behaviors based on luxury goods prices and the character of the good of this sort (Pivac, 2014). This question seems to be rather significant within the framework of the development of the UAE industry and market because people, who buy luxury goods, serve as the main force for the development of economy (Luxury Goods in the United Arab Emirates, n.d.). That is why, it is very important to understand all aspects which influence the choice of these people and mechanisms of the formation of their behavior. Background It is obvious that there is a great number of different scientists who devote their works to the investigation of this very issue. The thing is that being very important, it can influence situation in the region greatly. Nowadays, the UAE is one of the richest states in the world and it is obvious that great attention is given to purchasing ability of its citizens and their buying behavior in order to understand better what kind of goods could be sold better and start manufacturing and promoting these very products (Ligaya, 2010).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Under these conditions, it becomes very important to understand the situation it the country and world in the whole. Additionally, the UAE can be also characterized by the high level of incomes among youth as very often they are either heritors of a great cap ital or partners in some business usually connected with oil manufacturing and distribution (Maceda, 2013). Taking these facts into account, it is possible to say that very often oscillations in the mood of a customer can influence his/her attitude towards a certain good or service and influence his/her decision whether to buy a good or not. That is why, the influence of the positive or negative attitude towards a certain object should also be investigated. Theoretical framework It is no use denying the fact that the issue of consumers buying behavior has its own theoretical basis. It should be said that a great number of different factors influence the attitude of a person towards some good and it, in its turn, influences their final decision whether to buy a good or not. Additionally, there is a great number of additional concepts and forces which influence the process of decision making of a customer. Under these conditions, it should be suggested that the Theory of Reasoned Acti on could be applied to this issue. This theory states that there are certain factors which influence and predict a behavioral intention of a person and in such a way make him/her buy certain good. That is why, it is possible to say that the main key points of this theory could be used to investigate the problem. To show the possible ways of the implementation of the theory and directions for analysis it is possible to create a conceptual map which takes into account all these issues. With this in mind, it is possible to say that there are at least three important factors which influence decision making and attitude of a customer towards a good.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Emirati Consumers Buying Behaviors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Study Constructs and Variables Talking about different buying behaviors and attitude of people towards certain goods, it is impossible not to mention different st atistical data and numbers which are able to show the state of affairs peculiar to the sphere under investigation. With this in mind, it is possible to say that one of the main variables of the whole research will be the level of satisfaction of people while buying certain kinds of goods and answers of consumers connected with the most important aspects of the issue. In order to get the needed variable a special survey is created and conducted among people who live in the UAE. It is also important to admit that statistical data obtained from this survey serves as the basis for the whole research as it helps to obtain clear image of the whole sphere and to analyze preferences of the targeted audience. Additionally, hypothesis, created to support the research with a good theoretical basis and show peculiarities of the issue better, are also discussed in the paper and analyzed with the help of different theories and statistical data. Hypotheses Having outlined the main variables, conce pts and theories which are used in the given research, it is possible to show the main hypothesis of our research and main research questions. Research question Which attitude-processing mode (affective or cognitive) typically helps Emiratis consumers between the ages of 25 and 35 to come to term with a product price? How does their high or low level of involvement moderate this process? Hypothesis 1: The more Emirati consumers are involved towards luxury products, the higher the chance they will make decisions based on their emotions and tend to pay more. Hypothesis 2: The Emirati consumer tends to spend more on locally produced luxury products rather than imported luxury goodsAdvertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hypothesis 3: Cultural peculiarities and financial growth of the UAE have led to the rise of level of involvement of Emirati buyers when it comes to luxury. It becomes obvious that the main aim of the given research is to investigate preferences of the group of population of a certain age to understand peculiarities of customers attitude towards certain price and influence of its size on the intention of a person to buy a good better. Method Sample Description To support the work with clear evidence a special survey is created and conducted. The aim of any survey is to collect reliable and credible information. That is why, it is usually organized in the most clear way for respondents to be able to follow it and answer its questions easily. The survey for this research paper is placed online at https://www.1ka.si/a/68474 for the respondents to be able to participate in it in the form which is the most convenient for them. There are 20 questions in the essay which main aim is to inve stigate the main peculiarities of customers behavior of people in the UAE. The total surveyed number is now 42, with 28 total valid and 14 total invalid (The Emirati consumers buying behavior, n.d). The preferable age of people is between 25 and 35 years. This period is chosen not accidentally as usually at this very period people are more likely to buy some thing which is associated with luxury and a certain lifestyle (Vel, Captain, Al-Abbas, Al Hashemi, 2011). It should also be said that the survey is still available on the site and due to this fact it is possible to monitor situation and add the latest changes to the research admitting the latest variations of the results. Design of the study Taking into account the character of the issue under investigation, the decision to use survey as the main tool which can collect the needed data is accepted. There are several reasons for this choice. It is undeniable fact that consumers behavior is a very personal characteristics which va ries and, that is why, only direct questions connected with the issue can help to find a good answer and determine certain regularities Wit this in mind, a certain survey is designed in order to obtain these answers. Special survey tool OneClick Survey is used for these purposes. This survey is rather efficient and provides a great number of possibilities for data processing. It can help to calculate final results and present regularities and statistics connected with the survey. Additionally, great possibilities for the data analysis are also provided by this very tool. That is why, it is chosen as the main service which can help to collect the needed data and process it, outlining certain peculiarities and regularities for their further discussion. Scale and Questionnaire The design of the survey implies the usage of a certain kind of questions. First of all, it should be said that the majority of questions have several variants and a respondent should choose one which fits the be st his/her demands. Additionally, there are also questions which need detailed answer and there are no certain variants for a respondent to chose them. These questions are needed to understand what factors can influence a persons consumer behavior as it is impossible to take all these factors into account and include them into the survey. Additionally, there are several questions connected with ratings. A person is given the task to evaluate some element of phenomenon for the researchers to be able to understand his/her attitude towards the issue. A respondent should do it using the scale from 1 to 5 where 1 is not important or used rarely and 5 is the most important of frequently used. With this in mind, it is possible to say that it is the combined survey which uses different kinds of questions in order to obtain the most reliable and credible information which could be used in the following research paper. Results The data obtained with the help of the survey can be processed and certain results connected with the peculiarities of consumers behavior in the UAE could be obtained. It should be said that majority of respondents are females (21 women against 7 men). Additionally, it should be mentioned that according to the survey they buy luxury products once a three month and are ready to spend 20-25% of their income on these products. All these results are obtained with the help of analysis of the data provided by the survey. The tool OneClick Survey is used to calculate the data and present it in the form of a table with understandable numbers and results. It should also be said that logic approach is used to analyze the data. Resting on certain facts obtained from the survey it is possible to suggest some ideas connected with the issue. Discussion The results obtained from the survey provide the possibility to make a certain conclusion. First of all, it should be said that there is a great number of factors which influence the process of decision making of consumers in the UAE. These factors are connected with the price of a good and its origin. Resting on the data, obtained from the survey, it is possible to say that low price is not the guaranty that a good will be bought. Moreover, majority of respondents have neutral attitude towards the price of a good. Nevertheless, it should be said that hypothesis that consumers in the UAE prefer to buy luxury goods which are manufactured in the UAE turned out to be irrelevant. According to the survey, citizens of the UAE prefer foreign goods to local ones because of their quality and popularity. However, it is also possible to assume that blistering growth of the level of incomes of people in the UAE can be taken as one of the main reasons of the growth of interest towards luxury goods. Respondents state that the increase of incomes will lead to the further growth of the interest towards this sort of goods. Besides, the majority of respondents state the fact that very often they decide to bu y a good spontaneously. With this in mind, it is possible to say that two hypothesis of our research paper are true and there is a clear evidence to support them. Limitations It should be said that there are certain factors which influence the research. First of all, a small number of respondents should be admitted as this fact does not allow to obtain more reliable information. Additionally, impossibility to question really rich and influential people adds some limits. Direction for the future Research in this area It is possible to suggest further research connected with the issue of luxury goods and consumers behavior in the UAE as it is very important region with a great potential. That is why, possible aftermath of the growth of interest towards some other kinds of goods should be analyzed. Conclusion Having analyzed the main aspects of the Emirati consumer’s buying behaviors, it is possible to make a certain conclusion. It should be said that citizens of the UAE prefer to buy foreign products, without any occasion and very often for some private needs. Additionally, the price does not play significant role as high level of incomes promotes development of the demand on such goods. References Ligaya, A. (2010). Survey suggests luxuries have become a lifestyle in UAE. The National. Retrieved from thenational.ae/news/uae-news/survey-suggests-luxuries-have-become-a-lifestyle-in-uae Luxury Goods in the United Arab Emirates. (2014). Marketwatch. Retrieved from marketwatch.com/story/luxury-goods-in-the-united-arab-emirates-2014-08-26 Luxury Goods in the United Arab Emirates. (n.d.). Euromonitor international. Retrieved from euromonitor.com/luxury-goods-in-the-united-arab-emirates/report Maceda, C. (2013).  UAE demand for luxury goods slows down. Gulf News. Retrieved from http://gulfnews.com/business/sectors/general/uae-demand-for-luxury-goods-slows-down-1.1192486 Pivac, Z. (2014). GCC’s luxury goods market continues to grow fast. Retrieved from b qdoha.com/2014/09/gccs-luxury-goods-market-continues-grow-fast The Emirati consumers buying behavior.(n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.1ka.si/admin/survey/index.php?anketa=68474a=analysism=sumarnik Vel, K., Captain, A., Al-Abbas, R. Al Hashemi, B. (2011), Luxury buying in the United Arab Emirates, Journal of Business and Behavioural Sciences, 23(3), pp. 145-160.Retrieved from http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1457context=dubaipapers Worldwide luxury goods continues double-digit annual growth; global market now tops â‚ ¬200 billion, finds Bain Company. (2013). Retrieved from bain.com/offices/middleeast/en_us/press/press-releases/2013-luxury-market-study-release-bain-middle-east.aspx

Auroas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Auroas - Essay Example The subject of these auroras and related issues such as the aurora borealis and aurora australis are of great significance and importance, and in order to come to a clearer and more knowledgeable understanding of these issues, the related information must be addressed thoroughly. The aim of this paper is to discuss all of this, as well as explain how each of the sub-subject matters are related and correlated. This is what will be dissertated in the following. Auroras are caused by high energy particles from the solar wind that are trapped in the Earth's magnetic field. These particles, as they spiral back and forth along the magnetic field lines, come down into the atmosphere near the north and south magnetic poles where the magnetic field lines disappear into the body of the Earth. "The delicate colors are caused by energetic electrons colliding with oxygen and nitrogen molecules in the atmosphere. This excites the molecules, and when they decay from the excited states they emit the light that we see in the aurora." (Csep, n.d.). More intricately, the sun sends a constant stream of charged particles, known as a solar wind, into space; then these energized particles interact with a protective magnet shield that shrouds the planet Earth. The Earth's magnetosphere is a sort of shield, which is made up of invisible lines that radiate out into space from the northern and southern poles. The charged particles squeeze the magnetic field into a teardrop shape, and "In the magnetosphere, researchers say, the interaction creates electric fields and electromagnetic waves that transfer their energy to electrons, which then plunge into the atmosphere." (Britt, 2000). "The aurora varies in intensity from brightness equal to that of the Milky Way up to the equivalent of a full Moon," says climatologist Jan Curtis, who photographs auroras from his home in Alaska. "Colors range from mostly greens to reds, and take on the forms of discrete rays, homogenous brands and arcs, or diffuse glowing clouds. Their movement can be stationary, or zip across the entire sky in seconds." (Britt, 2000). Primary auroral particles have energies between few tens eV and few hundred keV, being higher on the nightside than on dayside. Some of them are even accelerated in the field-aligned direction, which indicates the presence of a special auroral acceleration region. "It can be shown that for 2 keV (100keV) electrons the maximum ionization rate occurs at the altitude of about 130 km (85 km)." (Space, 1998). Whereas the average ionization potential of atoms and molecules is about 15 eV, some experimental data show that fast electrons and protons produce one ion-electron pair per 36 eV, and some excess energy is also left for the product electron; this is what leads to electron heating when the energy is being distributed through and among the ambient electron gas. Auroras are considered to appear as "a glow observed in the night sky, usually the polar zone." (Wikipedia, 2006). It is for this reason that some scientists call auroras 'polar auroras' or 'aurora polaris'. In more northern of latitudes, this occurrence is known as 'aurora borealis', which is Latin for

Managerial Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Managerial Economics - Essay Example In general, the Coarse theory is a legal and economic theory which affirms that, where complete competitive markets with no transaction costs are, an efficient set of outputs and inputs from and to the production-optimal distribution will be selected. This is without paying regard to how property rights are being divided. The parties involved can negotiate or bargain terms beneficial to them than an outcome of a property rights assigned to them (Mankiw, 2007). This is to say that they are not completely obliged by the property rights to trade for as long as they are able to trade and produce an outcome that is mutually advantageous to all of them. For this to exclusively occur, then the cost of bargaining or any cost associated with it such as cost of meetings must be extremely costless as any cost at all will influence the outcome of the bargain. However, no exact definition of the Coarse theorem has been established (Sloman & Sutcliffe, 2003).Theory of the FirmEconomically, a firm is referred to as a legally organized and recognized organization that is designed with the main purpose of providing goods and services to the consumers. Coarse in establishing his theory, used applications based on the activities of the firm and related the same to the planning capability of a firm’s management. This might be metaphorically perceived as the firm being an island of planning in a sea of markets. When firms make decisions regarding production of the goods or services they produce., they do so guided by certain principles and which are as described by this theory proposed by Ronald Coarse (Rasmusen, 2007). This theory of the firm consists of several economic theories that seek to describe, explain and predict the nature of a firm. It seeks to answer questions about the existence of the firm, its behaviors and structures, their organization, the boundaries of firms and the heterogeneity of the performance of the firms. In reality, most firms are known to exist as alternative systems to the market-price mechanism if it can produce efficiently in a non-market environment. Consider an example of the labor market: it can be very costly for firms to produce efficiently if they have to hire and fire their employees based on the demand and supply conditions. Similarly, a shift by employees from one company to another everyday may be seen as costly or when companies shift each day in search of new suppliers (Williamson et al, 1991). This is because any action involves costs in it hence, the essence of firms’ transactions costs. The safest modality for the firm in such scenarios is to engage in long term contracts with either their workers or suppliers so as to be able to minimize on costs and at the same time maximize on the property rights.

Script ( the Vassals) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Script ( the Vassals) - Essay Example The boy stopped, as Mary is taking her rest. She  started to shake and utterly whispers her prayers as she saw a black shadow in front of her. I cannot believe that Nicholas and Melanie Woods are now dead. What a sorrowful experience. Life is very short and everyone lives for a total of time destined to them by fate. It is very unfortunate that there is nothing we can do about it. Once life has become that way, we only need to live to the fullest, but when the right time comes, we even go to glory without notice. With them in place, you cannot be a worried child at all. Most importantly, I was very much happy with the way they took the initiative to educate meant offer me the best they could. This is something that not all parents can do. Instead, it can only be done by just a few focused ones like my parents who knew that life is all about sacrifices. Anne my daughter! Be strong. We, as human beings, live in borrowed times. Everything that happens to us had been planned by God. The only thing we need to do is to thank the Almighty for whatever happens whether it is good or bad. After all, as a believer, you should not doubt that any unpleasant thing that happens to you has a purpose. It is meant to make you be stronger. Even Jesus Christ was tempted by Satan before He eventually emerged victorious over death. When I hear such utterances, I become the saddest on earth. Losing one’s parents to a murder is an experience which should not be taken lightly. No one can endure it. Neither can I. so, we need to react and show the world that we are discontent about this. Anne, you need not to plan evil. Two wrongs don’t make one right. I understand your pain, but you need to take heart. Planning to bad things against someone who has offended you is not the best thing to do. No anger should overcome you. Just be patient and humble. Know that life must continue regardless of

Niki Caros Whale Rider - An analysis in relation to journeys Essay Example for Free

Niki Caros Whale Rider An analysis in relation to journeys Essay The inner journey is one which involves the hurdling of psychological barriers, as well as cultural and social obstacles, rather than just a physical trek. The novel Things Fall Apart (1958) by Chinua Achebe and the film Whale Rider (2002) by Niki Caro both address the overcoming of emotional boundaries, while following the progress of the main characters. Issues such as cultural differences and gender equality are presented by the composers through the clever use of devices appropriate to the medium, while using the post-colonial context to accentuate these issues. Similar to Things Fall Apart, the film Whale Rider by Niki Caro explores the breakdown of Maori culture in post-colonial New Zealand. It follows the journeys of Pai, a young girl, and Koro, her grandfather, who both seek to uphold and preserve the Maori tradition, which has been negatively influenced by the European culture. During the film, Pai transforms from an unwanted child to the new village leader, while challenging the Maori customs through her curiosity, for example when she learns the sacred art of the taiaha. Koro, who disapproves of her actions, smashes a cup in his anger. Koros wife, Flowers, reprimands him, saying, You might be the boss out there, but Im the boss in this kitchen. Caro is addressing the gender barrier which exists in the Maori culture, an obstacle which Pai overcomes in her journey. Despite being reprimanded by Koro, Pai still retains great love for him, as seen in her speech on her ancestors, where she dedicates her words to Koro. The initial long shot places emphasis on Pai, while the camera is positioned at a low-angle, suggesting that she has gained authority and leadership. This scene symbolises one of the many emotional hurdles she has had to overcome in her inner journey. Moreover, her catharsis can be related to Okonkwos moments of compassion, thus highlighting the similarity between their journeys. Similar to Okonkwo, Koro progresses on a journey, beginning at the height of power, with Caro using several symbols to signify this, such as the whale tooth. The use of sombre music and close-up shots of Koro in the scene where he loses the tooth emphasises his sorrow. In the following scene, Caro  employs dark lighting to highlight Koros melancholy, while he strokes the staff, symbolising that it is his last shred of authority. Pais voiceover informs the audience on Koros plea for help and indicates a shift in power and authority as Pai begins to assume her role as leader, But they werent listening, so I tried. Koros discovery of the whales allows him to undergo an epiphany and continue on his journey. Caro has positioned the event during the night, with its dark connotations enhancing the negative atmosphere of the scene. Furthermore, Koros staff is washed away, symbolising that he has lost all of his power. Koro later realises the error of his ways and acknowledges Pai as their leader, Wise leader, forgive me. I am just a fledgling new to flight. Koros epiphany is thus one of the greatest differences between the two texts, as he is able to surpass the greatest obstacle in his journey and move forward, whereas Okonkwo is unable to change, leading to his death. Works Cited: Whale Rider. Directed by Niki Caro (2003). [Film]The Whale Rider. Ihimaera, Witi (2003)

Impact of Climate Change on African Countries

Impact of Climate Change on African Countries The Effects of Climate Change on Volatile African Countries In the fall of 2015, United States Presidential candidate Bernie Sanders received an onslaught of criticism when he attributed the rise of terrorism, and the series of Paris terrorist attacks that had just left 130 dead, to climate change. Immediately following the presidential debate, numerous reputable political pundits, from Wall Street Journal’s Peggy Noonan, to Republican Senator and former Chairman of Homeland Security Ron Johnson, voiced their disagreements with Sanders’ claim. In fact, soon after the debate ended, Senator Bob Corker from Tennessee was interviewed saying, â€Å"I get disappointed when people see momentum around [climate change] and try to attach an unrelated issue to it.†[1]  (Henry, 2015) In fact, in December of that same year, Foreign Policy magazine, a political journal revered for its impartiality, published an article titled, â€Å"Stop Saying Climate Change Causes War† refuting both Sanders’ claim, and others that sou ght to connect climate change to the still ongoing devastating Syrian Civil War. While Sanders’ cause-and-effect relationship may have been exaggerated, the relationship between extreme weather events, temperature anomalies, and violence is neither baseless nor uncorroborated. In fact, over the last half-decade, numerous studies have been released substantiating the linkage between climate change and armed conflict. In a 2017 study produced by the Brookings Institution, author Vesselin Popovski found that â€Å"a 1 percent increase in temperature leads to a 4.5 percent increase in civil war in the same year, and a 0.9 percent increase in the following year†Ã‚  (Popovski, 2017)   Just a year later, author Robinson Meyer of The Atlantic discovered that out of the ten countries most frequently mentioned in climate change literature, six of them also hold positions in the list of the world’s most violent countries.  (Meyer, 2018) While there is still little evid ence to support Sanders’ grandiose claim that climate change triggered the proliferation of terrorism in the 21st century, it is becoming increasingly evident that climate change will not just slightly alter current standards of living. The rise in temperature has inadvertently begun to promote civil unrest and violence in some of the most underdeveloped regions of the world. In order to theorize possible mitigation and adaptation strategies, it is important to recognize both the ramifications of climate change, and the role that industrialized countries have played in contributing to this global temperature increase. According to author Lynn Hewlett, whose chapter â€Å"Learning from Student Protests in Sub-Saharan Africa,† featured in Fees Must Fall, explains simply, â€Å"the burning of coal, oil, and natural gas creates carbon dioxide gas†¦ which traps the sun’s heart in the atmosphere and makes the earth warmer†Ã‚  (Lynn Hewlett, 2015)   Although the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report of a per-decade temperature increase of 0.2 °C may seem negligible, the consequences of climate change are difficult to overlook.  (IPCC Working Groups I-III, 2015) Escalating temperatures resulting from greenhouse gas emissions not only deplete natural resources such as arable land, potable water, and breathable air. The abnormal temperature rise over the past half-century has also contributed to rising sea levels, a global biodiversity loss, and more frequent extreme weather events, from prolonged droughts to incessant rainfall. Although there is still some debate surrounding human contribution to climate change, most climate change experts agree that humans are at least partially responsible for the stark temperature rise. According to a study conducted by Yale University in 2013, over 97% of 12,000 peer-reviewed papers on climate change argue that the temperature increase is indeed at least partially attributable to anthropogenic greenhouse emissions. (Marlon, 2013)   More disturbingly, however, is the role that industrialized nations, such as the United States and Germany, rapidly developing countries including India and China, and transnational corporations have all played in producing this environmental catastrophe. As reported in the 2017 Carbon Majors Database, a peer-reviewed study which compiled and recorded companies with the most greenhouse gas emissions, â€Å"over half of global industrial emissions since 1988 can be traced to just 25 corporate and state producers.†Ã‚  (Griffin, 2017) Despite the influence that industrialized nations and the currently modernizing BRICS countries have had on the current climate system, the brunt of climate variability has thus far fallen largely on African shoulders. Natural resources which were at one point plentiful throughout the continent have diminished greatly over the past half-century, which has led to desertification, widespread crop failure, and even violence. In his article, â€Å"’Who Wins from â€Å"Climate Apartheid?’ African Climate Justice Narratives about the Paris COP 21† author Patrick Bond points out that inland Africa is uniquely susceptible to climate change, which is projected to warm 6-7 °C by the end of the century, more than two degrees greater than the anticipated greater world average.  (Bond, 2016) Author Christian Parenti offers similar statistics to illustrate African susceptibility to climate change. As a member of the Maasai people living in Kenya explains, â€Å"In the 1970s, we started having droughts every seven years†¦ Now they are coming almost every year, right across the country.†Ã‚  (Parenti C. , Chapter 4, 2011)   Yet, as Patrick Bond and others argue, nascent African countries are vulnerable to the effects climate change not because of their location, but rather because of the lack of the infrastructure and resources that allow countries to face constantly changing environmental conditions. These issues are only intensified in Africa by pervasive government corruption and political instability. For example, although farming is the main source of employment for greater than 60% of the continent’s inhabitants, African malnourishment has worsened with each passing year.  (The World Bank, 2018) African farmers simply lack the funds to acquire high-yielding techniques, and are not provided with adequate infrastructure systems to produce sustainable quantities of food in unfavorable climates. Furthermore, African countries eager to cement their places in the global economy often impose pro-investment policies that prioritize multinational commercial agriculture over small-scale subsist ence farming. As the example above illustrates, many African countries exemplify what author Christian Parenti calls â€Å"Catastrophic Convergence:† a phenomenon where political, economic, and environmental disasters collide, compound, and amplify one another’s effects.  (Parenti C. , 2011) In these â€Å"conflict systems,† climate change generates violence in many forms, such as intrastate conflict between competing tribes, looting and piracy of Transnational Corporations, and mass demonstrations protesting environmentally destructive African governments. The long-term rise in global temperature, coupled with the recent preponderance of extreme weather events, has induced a natural resource deprivation across the globe. In fact, Parenti estimates that by the end of the century, the proportion of land in severe drought will expand from 3% to 30%. (Parenti C. , 2011) Therefore, ownership, allocation, and management of these increasingly scarce resources has become an issue of the utmost importance for countries and tribes across the globe. In vulnerable African states that lack basic infrastructural needs, however, this competition over access to remaining natural resources has erupted into armed conflict. In his 2011 book titled, Topics of Chaos: Climate Change and the New Geography of Violence, author Christian Parenti explains how climate change can induce violence by illuminating the current strife between the Turkana and the Pokot, two competing groups living in Kenya’s Pastoralist Corridor. For tribes living in the Pastoral ist Corridor, a mountainous and arid region in Western Kenya, cattle are the economic and cultural center of life. Yet, without water and adequate grazing land, Parenti writes, â€Å"the Turkana would disappear. â€Å"they would die or migrate to cities and their culture would exist only in the memories of deracinated urban slum dwellers.†Ã‚  (Parenti C. , 2011) Due to the area’s regular droughts and flash floods, coupled with deficient adaptation policies imposed by the Kenyan government, pastoralist groups are left no choice but to raid their neighbors and engage in violent behavior just to ensure their own future livelihoods. While it is difficult to estimate how many men have fallen in the Pastoralist corridor fighting over limiting resources, Parenti’s interviews of Kenyan pastoralists highlight the pervasiveness of climate-induced violence in these already tumultuous African states. Former Kenyan pastoralist Lucas Airong lost both his father and friends w hen he was a young boy by way of the Kenyan cattle wars. Although Ariong is now a local NGO leader, and is far removed from the Pastoralist Corridor, he still owns â€Å"about 50 cows†¦ all kept under the watchful eyes of armed men, his sons, and hired hands.†Ã‚  (Parenti C. , 2011) Since the Kenyan government has proven incapable of providing sufficient watering holes and adequate irrigation systems, local tribes such as the Turkana and Pokot are left no other choice but to engage in violent behavior. The diminishing supply of natural resources has the ability to spark both small-scale tribal clashes, such as in the Pastoralist Corridor, and large-scale civil wars, as illustrated by the most recent humanitarian crisis currently unfolding between the Christian anti-balaka rebels and the Muslim former Sà ©là ©ka rebels in the Central African Republic. Although no current CAR casualty report exists, the Associated Press reported in December of 2014, just seven months after the armed conflict began, that at least 5,186 fatalities were caused by the strife between the anti-balaka and the ex-Sà ©là ©ka factions.  (The Associated Press, 2014) While religious differences and the desire for political control were undoubtedly factors in instigating this conflict, former CAR Minister of Environment and Ecology and current CAR liaison for the World Resource Institute Paul Doko is one of many who attribute the ongoing Central African Republic civil war to resource scarcity. â€Å"What w e have been facing in the provinces,† Doko claims, â€Å"is a struggle between different militia for control over natural resources such as diamond, timber, ivory and others, rather than willingness to actually change politics.†Ã‚  (Bollen, 2013) In these remote provinces outside of the capital of Bengui, the feud over the country’s remaining resources has had devastating effects on local communities. Sà ©là ©ka commanders have forcefully removed, and even slaughtered, CAR citizens for control over the country’s â€Å"artisan timber exploitation, ivory poaching, and diamond mines.†Ã‚  (Bollen, 2013) Similar to the Pastoralist Corridor, armed conflict over natural resources is facilitated by the country’s weak governance and rampant poverty. In this politically fragile state, access to the country’s remaining natural resources is a critical step in attaining political influence and achieving economic prosperity. Climate change has also fostered violence between African locals and foreign corporations that exploit African workers and extract African resources. In their article titled, â€Å"Globalization, Land Grabbing, and the Present-Day Colonial State in Uganda: Ecolonization and Its Impact,† authors Pà ¡draig Carmody and David Taylor argue that the depletion of natural resources has increased their overall economic, social and political value in the global economy, which in turn has caused â€Å"ecolonization,† a phrase coined by the two authors which refers to the â€Å"ongoing colonization of different types of natural resources by those states, companies, and consumers that are able to exercise power in the global political economy†Ã‚  (Carmody & Taylor, 2016)   Due to continent’s largely untapped resource market and each country’s eagerness to finally enter the global economy, Africa has become one of the most popular destinations for foreign inve stment. Yet, this mass influx of foreign governments and transnational corporations (TNCs) has created resentment among many already impoverished and malnourished African communities. In resource-rich countries such as Somalia and Nigeria, locals have responded to the arrival of outside corporations with acts of looting, robbing, and piracy. In a 2014 journal study titled, â€Å"Fisheries, ecosystem justice and piracy: A case study of Somalia,† authors Rashid Sumalia and Mahamudu Bawumia argue that the recent rise in piracy off the coast of Somalia is the result of the destruction of the local fishing industry caused by increased foreign fishing presence, ineffective state governance, and unregulated toxic waste dumping. Foreign trawlers often overfish and, because of weak government enforcement of environmental policies, are allowed to dispose toxic and hazardous waste into Somalian waters. This in turn not only reduces the supply of available fish for Somalian natives, but also threatens the ecosystem’s future availability. (Sumaila & Bawumia, 2014) Confronted with increasingly barren fisheries, Somalian fishers, unable to overcome corporate technology and capital, are provided no other alternative but to engage in theft and piracy. This ongoing conflict between foreign entities and Somalian locals has made the Somalian coast the most dangerous body of water worldwide, closely trailed by the Niger Delta.  (Gaffey, 2016) With a crude oil production capacity of close to 2.5 million barrels a day, Nigeria is Africa’s largest oil producer, and the sixth largest worldwide. Although the Niger Delta accounts for 90% of all Nigerian commercial crude exports, and makes up close to 70% of the government’s total revenue, the region remains one of the most dangerous in the world.  (NNPC, 2016) While government officials, Nigerian elites, and major Transnational Corporations such as Shell, Mobil, and Chevron all reap the economic benefits of crude oil extraction, the vast majority of Niger Delta inhabitants still live in abject poverty. To make matters worse, crude oil extraction has subsequently led to greater pollution in the river basin, the widespread destruction of subsistence crops, and the expropriation of residential territory. The unequal distribution of oil revenue, the blatant disregard for environmental preservation, and the policies preferential to multinational corporations have all led to the emergence of multiple militant organizations in the Niger Delta. While these militancy groups differ in composition and extremity, they all employ violent tactics to achieve the same goal: a greater control over the country’s limited resources. (Francis & Sardesai, 2008) Lastly, in recent years, grassroots protests have arisen in several African countries in an attempt to combat environmentally destructive governmental policies. Having been hampered by colonialism for decades, many African governments are now employing â€Å"top-down development models† that concentrate on expanding industrial modes of production as a way to cement their place in the global economy.  (Leonard & Pelling, 2010) While such policies will certainly help propel national economies in the long term, they tend to relegate certain, already marginalized, African communities. Such marginalization and ensuing protest is most apparent in Kenya, and in the Darfur region of western Sudan. In her publication titled, ‘‘’It’s More Than Planting Trees, It’s Planting Ideas’: Ecofeminist Praxis in the Green Belt Movement,† author Kathleen Hunt points to the Green Belt Movement, a nationwide environmental campaign in Kenya, to illustra te the role that African citizens frequently play in protesting environmental and political oppression. The Green Belt Movement (GBM) was established by Kenyan environmental activist Wangari Maathai as a means to protest the country’s latest model of economic development, which relies heavily on trading the country’s already limited unsustainable resources, like timber, charcoal, and coffee. Hunt explains that such policies, which are not unique to Kenya alone but characterize much of the African continent, favor â€Å"national trade of raw materials over local community economies.† (Hunt, 2014) According to Hunt, Kenya’s keenness to enter the world market has both exacerbated local food insecurity and caused â€Å"deforestation, soil erosion, sedimentation†¦ [and] migratory shifts, as men moved in search for work in the white settlers’ plantation.†Ã‚  (Hunt, 2014) While these policies have indisputably afflicted the nation’s pop ulation as a whole, the Green Belt Movement has primarily focused on ensuring the rights of Kenyan women, who have traditionally been in charge of â€Å"managing the family’s land, food production, gathering water and fuelwood.†Ã‚  (Hunt, 2014) Established in 1977, the Green Belt Movement hasn’t only combatted environmental degradation through public demonstrations, however. Rather, the movement places an equally large focus on empowering Kenyan villages, from teaching locals how to properly plant trees to hosting community-wide engagement seminars. Despite the organization’s holistic and empowering approach, the movement has indeed encountered a considerable amount of violence throughout its history. Once the Green Belt Movement adopted a pro-democracy message to its platform, the Kenyan government began to use state force in order to stop the dissemination of their message. This was most apparent in 1992 when GBM forces joined fellow pro-democratic grou p, Release Political Prisoners (RPP), to protest the unjust torturing and indefinite holding of political detainees. While the demonstration was originally planned as a three-day sit-in on Uhuru Park, the two allied groups immediately encountered police violence. Fighting off the police’s tear gas and batons, many GBM and RPP members remained in the park for over eleven months.  (Hunt, 2014) Although the violence encountered at Uhuru Park was an anomaly for the Green Belt Movement, more frequent displays of violence stemming from environmentally destructive national policies can be found in the Darfur region of Sudan. With an almost entirely Arab population and government, Sudan Arab semi-nomadic pastoralists and non-Arab sedentary farmers have long shared the region’s natural resources. Yet, over the past half-century tensions have heightened as climate unpredictability has forced the two groups to compete over shrinking grazing land and evaporating watering holes. The current day humanitarian crisis, however, began in April of 2003, when a rebel group comprised of non-Arab members attacked El Fashir airport in North Darkur.  (Sikainga, 2009) This attack was the culmination of numerous non-Arab demonstrations advocating for better resource distribution and greater political representation in the Sudanese government. In response to this attack, president Omar al-Bashir acted swiftly, employing numerous autonomous militias to suppress non-Arab rebel groups. One ethnically Arab group, known as the Janjaweed, employed particularly heinous tactics to combat their non-Arab counterparts, including torture, arson, looting, and mass killings, deemed by many as â€Å"ethnic genocide.†Ã‚  (Human Rights Watch, Africa Division, 2004-2005) While the Darfur region has historically been volatile, this particular resource-related conflict, which pit marginalized sedentary farmers against the predominantly Muslim Sundanese government and its hired militias, has been deemed one of the worst humanitarian crises in the last century, killing more than 300,000 citizens and displacing more than 2 million (Taylor, 2005) If the immediate ramifications of climate change, such as desertification, droughts and food insecurity weren’t enough already to compel state actors to institute environmentally friendly policies, the examples listed above, from Kenya’s Pastoralist Corridor to Sudan’s Darfur, hopefully serve to illustrate the true gravity of unabated greenhouse gas emissions. Currently one-sixth of the world’s population is starving, and with global temperatures expected to rise anywhere from 4-6 °C by the end of the century, one can only assume the consequences of climate change will intensify in the near future.  (Holt-Gimà ©nez) In order to reduce malnutrition, maintain our current levels of biodiversity, and stop resource related conflicts altogether, major polluters and African countries must agree to sweeping and stringent reforms. Although mitigation strategies, which seek to drastically cut the production of greenhouse gasses through the implementation of gre en energy and the disengagement from the industrialized economy, are preferred by environmental activists worldwide, they have proven to be ineffective thus far, as Annex I countries, rapidly developing BRIC countries, and African central governments all refuse to make economic concessions in the name of environmental preservation.  (Jacobs, 2018) This was best illustrated at the 2011 Copenhagen Conference of the Parties (COP), an annual meeting between all member nations of the UNFCCC. The only agreement crafted at the conference, in which the United States, Brazil, South Africa, India, and China all decided to take â€Å"inadequate and voluntary emission cuts,† was conducted behind closed doors.  (Bond, 2016) The industrialized world’s stubborn refusal to include African countries in the decision-making process has been a recurring theme in nearly all environmental negotiations. The Paris Agreement of 2015, for example, did not even mention â€Å"climate debtâ⠂¬  payment for vulnerable countries, even though many African countries are already owed reparations for the damage levied by local climates.  (Bond, 2016) While occidental countries should be reprimanded for their unwillingness to take environmental action, it is important to note that African governments are also partially to blame for perpetuating climate change. Primarily concerned with enhancing the national economy, African governments have repeatedly favored large-scale corporations over local industries. This partiality manifests itself most clearly in the coastal city of Durban, South Africa.   Although the Durban population has expressed its vehement disapproval through frequent demonstrations and protests, the South African government has continued to invest in foreign industries nevertheless. As authors Llewellyn Leonard and Mark Pelling write, â€Å"state and industry interests [in Durban, South Africa] have continued to invest in projects that harm the local env ironment and human health† (Leonard & Pelling, 2010) This widespread government reluctance to reduce carbon emissions has rendered most proposed mitigation solutions, like La Via Campesina’s global food sovereignty movement, unfeasible. In his report titled â€Å"Seven Reasons Why the World Banks Plan for Agriculture Will Not Help Small Farmers,† author Eric Holt-Gimà ©nez explains how promoting global food sovereignty could help ameliorate food insecurity and resource deprivation facing African nations today. Providing citizens with the right to â€Å"determine [their own] food and agriculture policies† will not only keep local malnutrition from worsening, Holt-Gimà ©nez argues, but will also hinder transnational corporations from inflating commodity prices to unreasonable levels. (Holt-Gimà ©nez, Williams, & Hachmyer, 2015) Although an effective policy in theory, global food sovereignty hinges on rural and urban communities agreeing to directly exchange products and policymakers deciding to cut out transnation al corporations from the food supply chain. This course of action seems unlikely in Africa’s current economic climate, however. Challenging the TNC dominated neoliberal market will not only take decades to achieve, but will also severely impede on long-term national growth. Even though mitigation strategies such as reducing CO2 emissions and excluding transnational corporations from the global food supply chain are unlikely to be effective, climate-change induced conflict will decrease nonetheless if African communities are well adapted to fluctuating environmental conditions. Ensuring African resilience begins with the implementation of Climate-Smart Agriculture and increased infrastructural support from NGOs and already developed nations. Rather than just simply advocating for emissions reductions, Climate-Smart Agriculture promotes resilience among African communities by providing farmers with new technology and agricultural techniques, such as â€Å"mulching, intercropping, conservation agriculture, crop rotation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The World Bank, 2013). While Climate-Smart Agriculture will certainly help attenuate the problems plaguing Africa today, infrastructural improvement is also required to curtail resource related conflict. In fact, when asked how to solve tribal violence in the Pastoralist Corridor, Lucas Airong responded with, â€Å"more wells. We need boreholes†¦ the issue is drought†Ã‚  (Parenti C. , 2011). Although both of these solutions require a collective and concerted effort on behalf of developed countries, they are more moderate than the mitigation plans rejected in the past. Even though these policies are mere strawman solutions and do not address the root cause of climate change, adaptation strategies are undeniably the best way to guarantee that the world’s most vulnerable nations are at least prepared to combat the consequences of climate change. Bibliography Bollen, A. (2013, December 18). Natural resources at the heart of CAR crisis. 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